Information Entropy to Probe Revivals in Dynamical Systems

It is shown that sum of information entropies in position and momentum space, quantifies the temporal information in wave packet dynamics of a dynamical system. Quantum fractional revivals are investigated on these bases in periodically driven Fermi-Ulam accelerator. It is observed that the entropic measure provides deeper insight of the wave packet dynamics for the long time evolution as compared with conventional autocorrelation function. It is shown that these revival times are not symmetric in driven situations and may lead to a random behavior.     

Intelligent reversible watermarking technique in medical images using GA and PSO

The advances in recording, editing, and broadcasting multimedia contents in digital form motivate to protect these digital contents from illegal use, such as duplication, manipulation, and redistribution. However, watermarking algorithms are designed to satisfy requirements of applications, as different applications have different concerns. We intend to design a watermarking algorithm for applications which require high embedding capacity and imperceptibility, to maintain the integrity of the host signal as well as embedded information. Reversible watermarking is a promising technique which satisfies our requirements. In this paper, we concentrate on improving the watermark capacity and reducing the perceptual degradation of an image. We investigated the Luo's [1] additive interpolation-error expansion algorithm and enhanced it by incorporating with two intelligent techniques: genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Genetic algorithm is applied to exploit the correlation of image pixel values to obtain better estimation of neighboring pixel values, which results in optimal balance between information storage capacity and imperceptibility. Particle swarm optimization (intelligent technique) is also applied for the same purpose. Experimental results show that PSO and GA nearly give the same results, but GA outperforms the PSO. Experimental results also reveal that the proposed strategy outperforms the state of art works in terms of perceptual quality and watermarking payload.     

Dynamic quantum revivals in phase space

We explain quantum revivals and fractional revivals in phase space of the Fermi?CUlam accelerator. We derive analytic expressions of the Wigner distribution function for the driven system describing quantum interferences in position and momentum space. We assume that the fractional revival times are nonrecurrent under certain conditions and display randomness in the occurrence of the phenomenon at these times.     

Triphenylphosphine oxide–3‐chlorobenzoic acid (1/1)

In the title compound, C₁₈H₁₅OP·C₇H₅ClO₂, the tri­phenyl­phosphine oxide molecule forms a single directed hydrogen bond with the 3‐chloro­benzoic acid molecule, with an O⃛O=P distance of 2.607 (2) Å. The C—Cl and C=O bonds adopt a cisoid conformation in the 3‐chloro­benzoic acid molecule.     

214Po: A γ-γ and γγ(θ) Coincidence study

Extensive γ-γ coincidence measurements have been made on γ rays accompanying theβ ^? decay of²¹⁴Bi using a conventional GeGe coincidence spectrometer. A total of 33 new γ transitions among levels of²¹⁴Po have been established. Twenty-three previously reported but unplaced transitions have now been assigned in the level scheme. In addition to confirming 56 previously proposed levels, four new levels are established at 1015.05, 1712.98, 3003.5 and 3160.5 keV. Directional correlation measurements have been made on six weak cascades which have the first excited state in common. Mixing ratios have been deduced for the transitions concerned.     

Benzimidazole condensed ring systems. 1. Syntheses and biological investigations of some substituted pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles

The synthesis of some substituted 3-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-4-carbonitriles and 4-ethyl carboxylates 3 and their 0- and N-dialkyl derivatives 5,6 is described. 3-Ethoxy-5-ethyl-2-phenyl-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one 7 was obtained during the course of ethylating the parent ester 3t with triethyl phosphate. Chlorination of 3 with phosphorus oxychloride afforded the corresponding 1,3-dichloropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 8 which were converted to a variety of azido, amino, morpholino and methoxy derivatives of the system. The synthesis of the indolopyridobenzimidazole 15 is also described. Two compounds exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity. Many compounds were screened for antileukemic, antimicrobial, herbicidal and plant antifungal potencies but were inactive.     

Benzimidazole condensed ring systems. 2. New synthesis of substituted 1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-4-carbonitriles and related derivatives

The synthesis of some 3-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted-1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-4-carbo-nitriles 5,6 by fusing 1H-benzimidazole-2-acetonitrile 1 with some β-keto esters 2,4 in the presence of ammonium acetate or with ethyl β-aminocrotonate 3 is described. The tricyclic compounds were converted to their N-5 methyl of N-5 ethyl derivatives 8,9. Vilsmeir-Haack formylation of 3-methyl-1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-a]-benzimidazole-4-carbonitrile 5a afforded its 2-formyl derivative 10. Chlorination of 5 and 6 with phosphorus oxychloride yielded the respective 1-chloropyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-4-carbonitriles 11,12 which were utilized to prepare the 1-azido, 1-amino, 1-piperidino and 1-methoxy derivatives of the ring system. Compound 11a exhibited strong in vitro activity against S. aureus. Four compounds were screened against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice but were inactive.     

Dosage spectrographique du gallium dans l'aluminium

Résumé L'auteur a préparé des alliages-types à partir d'aluminium et de gallium purs, puis, les a analysés par la méthode de l'arc intermittent comme contrôle. Application à l'analyse d'un échantillon d'aluminium renfermant 0,01% de gallium.

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Summary The author has prepared standard alloys, starting with aluminum and pure gallium, and then analyzed them by the intermittent arc method as control. Application to the analysis of a sample of aluminum containing 0,01% gallium.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurden Legierungstypen aus reinem Aluminium und Gallium hergestellt und zur Kontrolle spektralanalytisch mit dem Abreißbogen untersucht. Die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens auf eine Aluminiumprobe mit 0,01% Gallium ergab befriedigende Resultate.

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Résumé d'une Thèse soutenue devant la Faculté des Sciences de Paris, le 22 juin 1950.

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Avec 2 figures.     

Approximate analytical solutions of generalized linear and nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations in an infinite domain

This Letter deals with the solution of unified fractional reaction-diffusion systems in an infinite domain. The results are obtained in compact and elegant forms in terms of generalized Mittag-Leffler functions, which are suitable for numerical computation.     

Engineering CNOT gate in cavity QED scenario

We present a quantum CNOT logic gate based on interaction of a three-level cesium atom with a two-mode electromagnetic field in a high-Q superconducting cavity. The three-level atom acts as a control qubit and the two-mode electromagnetic field serves as a target qubit. Presently available QED experiments make it feasible to realize the theoretical suggestion in the laboratory. We determine the feasibility of our proposal by calculating the fidelity.